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The Socialist Peasants' Party (Romanian: ''Partidul Socialist Țărănesc'', or ''Partidul Socialist Țărănist'', PSȚ) was a short-lived political party in Romania, presided over by the academic Mihai Ralea. Created nominally in 1938 but dissolved soon after, it reemerged during World War II. A clandestine group, it opposed the fascist regime of Ion Antonescu, although its own roots were planted in authoritarian politics. Looking to the Soviet Union for inspiration, the PSȚ was cultivated by the Romanian Communist Party (PCdR), and comprised a faction of radicalized social democrats, under Lothar Rădăceanu. Perceived as a communist tool, the PSȚ was prevented by other parties from participating in the August 23 Coup against Antonescu. It entered its legal phase in the late months of 1944, but was soon absorbed into the more powerful Ploughmen's Front. ==Roots== Ralea entered politics as one of the National Peasants' Party (PNȚ) intellectuals in Iași, before his 1938 move to Bucharest.〔Boia, p.78, 100, 131, 184〕 In this context, he was a prominent figure in the centrist faction of the party, with Armand Călinescu as his ally.〔Cioroianu, p.126; Harre, p.72〕 A political and social theorist, he endorsed the PNȚ's agrarian-and-corporatist notion of a "peasant state", against the social-democratic wing of the party. As scholar Angela Harre notes, Ralea and other PNȚ leaders "tried to use the vague picture of a peasant state to counterbalance the growing fascist impact on society with an alternative democratic state model."〔Harre, p.72〕 During that time, Ralea had established contacts with the outlawed Communist Party, and already supported its antifascist agenda.〔Cioroianu, p.126; Tismăneanu, p.99〕 PCdR contacts viewed him as one of the "bourgeois personalities with antifascist views."〔Undrea, p.550〕 By the 1937 election, which saw pro-democratic parties unable to maintain a clear majority, the "peasant state" doctrine looked set to crumble. Harre argues: "A corporatist democracy became obsolete from the middle of the 1930s on, when the strongly polarized Romanian society did not resist the split between urban modernity and a rural traditional way of life any longer."〔Harre, p.73〕 In 1938, Ralea was editor of the National Peasantist organ, ''Dreptatea'',〔Frunză, p.116〕 but at odds with PNȚ leader Iuliu Maniu. He broke away from the party to establish the PSȚ, in name only. According to Corneliu Coposu, at the time a leader of the PNȚ youth, Ralea's party was "stillborn".〔 Marin Pop, ("Întâlniri secrete între Iuliu Maniu, Nicolae D. Cocea și Mihail Ralea (1942–1944)" ), in ''Caiete Silvane'', Nr. 2/2013〕 After King Carol II banned the PNȚ and all other mainstream parties, Ralea transformed himself into a pillar of Carol's authoritarian-corporatist National Renaissance Front (FRN). He was highly decorated by the king, and appointed Minister of Labor in March of that year.〔Boia, p.127, 131, 133-134, 141-143, 146, 148, 176, 189, 259〕 In this capacity, he organized the ''Muncă și Voe Bună'' leisure service, directly modeled on fascist precedents such as ''Dopolavoro'', and converted the staples of socialist propaganda in support of the FRN.〔Boia, p.141-143, 146〕 In 1940, the FRN regime was unable to secure Romania against Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union: the country ceded Bessarabia and Northern Transylvania, after which the regime crumbled. It was replaced by the Nazi-aligned National Legionary State, an uneasy partnership between Antonescu and the Iron Guard. The latter made efforts to prosecute figures associated with the FRN, and Ralea was consequently stripped of his academic postings. He was reinstated in 1941, after the clash between the Guard and Antonescu.〔Boia, p.176, 199-200〕 However, owing to Ralea's communist sympathies, Antonescu ordered his constant surveillance by ''Siguranța'', the country's secret police.〔Boia, p.200, 236-237〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Socialist Peasants' Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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